Do Autistic People Get Married?

Understanding the Landscape of Marriage Among Autistic Adults

Marriage among autistic individuals presents a complex and nuanced picture shaped by social, communication, and systemic challenges. While autistic adults often aspire to romantic relationships and marriage, their rates and experiences differ significantly from neurotypical individuals. This article delves into the statistics, challenges, supports, and therapeutic approaches relevant to marriage within the autistic community, offering insight into factors that impact relationship formation and success.

Marriage Rates Among Autistic Adults Compared to Neurotypical Individuals

What are the marriage rates among autistic adults compared to neurotypical adults?

Marriage rates among autistic adults are considerably lower than those of neurotypical adults. While about 50% of neurotypical adults enter marriage, only approximately 5% to 9% of autistic adults are married. This gap is evident across age groups: roughly 9% of autistic adults in their 20s are married, compared to 28% of neurotypical peers. The disparity grows in the 30s, with just 18% of autistic adults married versus 65% of neurotypical adults.

Are there gender or intellectual disability factors affecting marriage rates within the autistic population?

Within the autistic community, gender differences exist in marriage rates. Autistic women are more likely to marry, with about 16% reported married, compared to 11% of autistic men. Intellectual ability also influences marriage outcomes significantly. About 31% of autistic adults without intellectual disabilities are married, a sharp contrast to only 1% of those with intellectual disabilities, highlighting the impact of co-occurring cognitive challenges on relationship formation.

These statistics demonstrate the social and demographic variations in marital status among autistic adults. Understanding these differences is crucial to addressing relationship support and planning interventions tailored to individual needs and circumstances.

Challenges Impacting Marriage Rates for Autistic Individuals

What challenges affect marriage rates among autistic adults?

Marriage rates among autistic adults are significantly lower than those in the general population, influenced by a variety of challenges. Social communication difficulties play a central role, often making it hard to form and maintain romantic relationships. Around 67% of autistic-neurotypical couples report communication struggles, highlighting how critical this challenge is.

Sensory sensitivities further complicate social interactions. These sensitivities can create discomfort or overwhelm in typical relationship situations, requiring accommodations that are not always acknowledged or understood.

Employment and financial stability also impact marriage prospects. Autistic individuals often face higher unemployment rates or unstable job conditions, which in turn affect their ability to support long-term partnerships financially.

Societal stigma surrounding autism remains a barrier too. Misunderstandings and stereotypes can discourage dating and marriage, undermining confidence and opportunities for connection.

Co-occurring conditions such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and intellectual disabilities deeply influence relationship formation and durability. For example, only 1% of autistic adults with intellectual disabilities are married, compared to 31% without. These additional challenges can increase the difficulty of building and sustaining marriages.

Together, these factors—social and communication challenges, sensory issues, economic concerns, stigma, and co-occurring conditions—create complex obstacles that contribute to the markedly lower marriage rates seen in autistic adults compared to neurotypical peers.

Relationship Quality and Satisfaction in Autistic Couples

How do relationship satisfaction and divorce rates compare between autistic and neurotypical couples?

Divorce rates among autistic individuals are considerably higher compared to their neurotypical counterparts. Autistic adults are about 2.8 times more likely to experience divorce, and approximately 30% of marriages involving an autistic partner end in divorce before the partners reach 30 years old.

Notably, the divorce rate varies depending on the pairing. Autistic-neurotypical couples face an 80% higher divorce rate than the population average, suggesting unique challenges in mixed neurotype relationships. In contrast, autistic-autistic couples show approximately a 10% lower divorce rate than autistic-neurotypical couples, indicating potentially stronger compatibility or understanding within similar neurotypes.

Relationship satisfaction also differs slightly between couple types. Studies report that 73% of neurotypical-neurotypical couples experience satisfaction in their relationships. This compares to 67% satisfaction in neurotypical-autistic couples and 62% in autistic-autistic couples, highlighting nuanced dynamics that exist depending on the neurotype composition of the couple.

The role of partner responsiveness in relationships involving autistic individuals

Partner responsiveness—a partner's ability to understand, validate, and respond empathetically to their partner's needs—is a significant predictor of relationship satisfaction for both autistic and non-autistic partners. It accounts for about 23% of the variation in relationship satisfaction, emphasizing its critical role.

Higher perceptions of partner responsiveness correlate with greater relationship satisfaction in long-term partnerships involving autistic individuals. This suggests that support and interventions focusing on enhancing mutual responsiveness and empathy could be crucial in improving relationship quality.

Comparison between autistic-autistic and autistic-neurotypical couples

While autistic-autistic couples tend to have a slightly lower divorce rate than autistic-neurotypical couples, relationship satisfaction percentages are somewhat lower. This complexity might reflect differences in communication styles, social expectations, and sensory or emotional experiences that interplay differently depending on the couple's neurotype setup.

Understanding and supporting partner responsiveness across all couple types is a promising focus area to foster stronger connections and reduce the risk of relationship dissolution in autistic individuals.

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Couple Type	Divorce Rate Compared to Average	Relationship Satisfaction	Notable Factors
Neurotypical-Neurotypical	Baseline	73%	Generally higher satisfaction, lower divorce
Neurotypical-Autistic	80% higher	67%	Challenges in communication and understanding
Autistic-Autistic	10% lower than mixed couples	62%	Greater shared understanding but lower satisfaction

These insights underscore the importance of tailored relationship support addressing communication, empathy, and responsiveness to improve outcomes for autistic individuals and their partners.

The Role of Partner Responsiveness in Relationship Success

What is Partner Responsiveness?

Partner responsiveness refers to how attentively and empathetically one partner responds to the needs, feelings, and expressions of the other. It involves active listening, understanding, and providing emotional support. This dynamic plays a crucial role in nurturing intimacy and trust in relationships.

How Does Partner Responsiveness Affect Relationship Satisfaction?

Research highlights that partner responsiveness is a strong predictor of relationship satisfaction among couples involving autistic individuals. For both autistic and neurotypical partners, higher perceptions of responsiveness correlate with greater long-term relationship quality. Interestingly, this factor accounts for about 23% of the variance in relationship satisfaction, demonstrating its significant influence.

Despite differences in communication styles and social needs, couples where both partners actively respond to each other's emotional cues experience better relationship outcomes. This insight shifts focus from solely addressing autistic traits to fostering mutual understanding and empathy.

Why is Mutual Empathy and Support Important?

Maintaining relationship satisfaction requires both partners to recognize and support each other's unique perspectives and challenges. Emphasizing empathy helps partners navigate sensory sensitivities, communication differences, and emotional regulation issues common in autistic relationships.

Couples practicing mutual responsiveness tend to build stronger emotional bonds, reducing feelings of loneliness and enhancing their ability to resolve conflicts effectively.

What Interventions Could Improve Partner Responsiveness?

Intervention strategies that enhance partner responsiveness hold promise for improving relationship quality. These may include:

• Couples counseling focused on communication and emotional attunement
• Autism education for both partners to increase understanding of social and sensory differences
• Training in active listening and empathetic responses
• Supportive coaching to develop strategies tailored to the couple's unique dynamics

Such approaches prioritize addressing mutual needs and fostering empathy rather than concentrating solely on autistic deficits, ultimately supporting healthier and more satisfying relationships.

Communication Challenges and Their Effects on Autistic Relationships

How do communication difficulties affect relationships for autistic people?

Communication difficulties are a common challenge in relationships involving autistic individuals, affecting about 67% of autistic-neurotypical couples. These challenges contribute to higher levels of social loneliness reported by autistic people compared to their neurotypical counterparts, which can influence the overall dynamics within relationships.

Despite the prevalence of communication issues, research indicates that there isn't a significant direct association between communication skills and relationship satisfaction. Instead, partner responsiveness — how well partners respond to each other's needs and signals — plays a more crucial role in maintaining relationship quality. This highlights the importance of mutual understanding and empathy rather than focusing solely on communication deficits.

To manage these difficulties, tailored communication strategies are essential. Methods such as using clear, direct language and visual aids have been shown to improve relationship stability and satisfaction among autistic individuals. These approaches help bridge communication gaps and foster stronger connections.

Support systems including coaching, therapy, and community groups provide valuable assistance in navigating these challenges. By emphasizing partner responsiveness and individualized communication techniques, autistic couples and their partners can enhance their relationship experiences and satisfaction.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy: An Overview

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a science-based method that studies human behavior and applies strategies to encourage positive actions and reduce harmful ones. The approach uses principles such as positive reinforcement, prompting, shaping, and careful data tracking to help individuals learn new skills and modify behavior effectively.

Goals and Techniques of ABA Therapy

The primary goal of ABA therapy is to enhance a person’s communication, social skills, and daily functioning. ABA therapists tailor programs to individual strengths and challenges, employing techniques like breaking tasks into smaller steps and rewarding progress. This personalized approach fosters learning in areas such as social interaction, communication, academics, and self-care.

How ABA Supports Independence and Social Engagement

ABA therapy plays a crucial role in building independence by teaching skills necessary for daily life and social participation. Through consistent practice and positive reinforcement, individuals gain confidence in managing tasks and engaging with others. For autistic adults, developing social skills through ABA can improve relationship formation, support meaningful connections, and increase chances of successful partnerships and marriage.

Overall, ABA therapy offers a structured, adaptable framework that supports autistic individuals in expanding their capabilities and quality of life, emphasizing real-world application and personal growth.

How ABA Therapy Supports Autistic Individuals in Building Relationships

How does ABA therapy help individuals on the autism spectrum?

ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) therapy supports autistic individuals by teaching crucial social and communication skills systematically. This evidence-based approach breaks down complex abilities into smaller, manageable steps, making learning accessible and effective.

Teaching social and communication skills

One of ABA's primary goals is to improve social interaction and communication, which are often challenging areas for autistic people. By employing positive reinforcement, ABA helps individuals recognize social cues, engage in conversations, and express emotions clearly. These improvements lay the foundation for forming and sustaining meaningful relationships.

Reducing challenging behaviors

ABA therapy also targets challenging behaviors that might interfere with socialization and relationship building. By understanding the reasons behind these behaviors, ABA practitioners teach alternative, positive ways to respond and cope, reducing barriers to interpersonal connections.

Empowerment and respect for uniqueness

Modern ABA approaches prioritize empowerment, focusing on individual strengths and respecting each person's uniqueness. Therapy plans are customized to foster independence and encourage autistic individuals to participate fully in society, including in romantic relationships.

By combining skill-building with reducing obstacles and honoring individuality, ABA therapy provides the tools autistic individuals need to nurture successful relationships.

Who Provides ABA Therapy and What Does It Involve?

Who Typically Provides ABA Therapy Services?

ABA therapy is administered by a team of specially trained professionals, primarily including Board-Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) and support staff such as Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs).

Roles of BCBAs and Support Staff

BCBAs are responsible for designing and supervising individualized treatment plans tailored to each person's unique needs. They conduct assessments, develop goals, monitor progress, and adjust interventions as needed. RBTs and other support staff implement these plans directly with individuals under BCBA supervision, ensuring consistent and ethical application of therapy.

Importance of Credentials and Collaborative Teams

Verifying the credentials, educational background, and experience of all providers is critical for delivering effective and ethical care. Collaborative teams, often including caregivers and other specialists, work together to customize interventions, aiming to improve social skills, communication, and independence. This team-based approach maximizes the potential for meaningful behavioral improvements and supports relationship-building skills essential for autistic individuals.

Behavioral Challenges ABA Therapy Addresses Relevant to Relationships

What kinds of behavioral challenges can ABA therapy address?

ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) therapy is designed to help individuals overcome a range of behavioral challenges that impact social interactions and relationships. It notably addresses communication difficulties and social skill deficits common among autistic individuals. Improving these social abilities enables better understanding and expression, which are essential for building meaningful connections.

In addition to social skills, ABA therapy also reduces repetitive and self-injurious behaviors, which can hinder relationship development and create barriers to social acceptance. By addressing these behaviors, ABA enhances individuals’ ability to engage positively with others.

Moreover, ABA supports life skills and emotional regulation, teaching strategies to manage emotions effectively. Emotional stability is vital for sustaining long-term relationships. Through structured interventions, ABA promotes independence and adaptive behaviors, helping autistic individuals navigate daily challenges and interpersonal situations more successfully.

Overall, ABA therapy plays a crucial role in fostering the skills necessary for forming and maintaining relationships, making it a cornerstone for support among autistic adults seeking fulfilling partnerships.

Expected Outcomes from ABA Therapy for Individuals and Families

What outcomes can families and individuals expect from ABA therapy?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy offers valuable benefits for autistic individuals and their families. One primary outcome is improved communication skills. Through tailored ABA programs, participants develop clearer ways to express their needs and understand others, which enhances social interactions and reduces misunderstandings.

Another important outcome is increased independence. ABA therapy supports individuals in learning essential life skills such as self-care, emotional regulation, and decision-making. These advancements empower autistic people to participate more fully in daily activities and community life.

Behavior management is also a core focus. ABA techniques help individuals better regulate behaviors that may challenge their well-being or social integration. By teaching coping strategies and alternative behaviors, ABA promotes a more positive and controlled lifestyle.

Overall, these improvements contribute to a significantly enhanced quality of life. Early and intensive ABA interventions are linked to notable developmental progress and, in some cases, can reduce the intensity of autism symptoms. This progress helps individuals achieve greater educational, social, and employment outcomes.

Families benefit as well, gaining tools to support their loved ones and reduce stress related to communication or behavioral challenges. Professional guidance within ABA programs ensures that support is customized, making therapy more effective and sustainable.

In summary, ABA therapy fosters better communication and social skills, boosts independence, optimizes behavior management, and improves the overall life quality for autistic individuals and their families.

Support Systems Enhancing Relationship Success for Autistic Adults

How Do Family, Professional, and Peer Support Influence Relationships?

Support from family, professionals, and peers plays a crucial role in enhancing relationship success for autistic adults. Strong family support can provide emotional stability and practical help, while professional support offers tailored interventions such as therapy and counseling that address specific relationship challenges.

Peer support groups foster a sense of community and shared experience, allowing individuals to exchange advice and build confidence. Collectively, these support systems contribute significantly to improving relationship longevity and satisfaction among autistic individuals.

What Is the Impact of Support Systems on Relationship Longevity and Satisfaction?

Research indicates that support systems increase relationship success by helping to navigate social and communication challenges that autistic adults often face. For instance, the presence of effective support has been linked with higher rates of relationship satisfaction.

Couples involving autistic partners who receive appropriate support report better communication and mutual understanding, leading to greater partnership stability. Partner responsiveness—a major factor in sustaining relationship quality—is often enhanced when both partners have access to these resources.

What Community and Therapy Resources Are Available?

Several specialized resources cater to the relationship needs of autistic adults. Therapeutic approaches like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) focus on improving social skills and fostering independence necessary for building meaningful connections.

Organizations such as Rori Care provide customized ABA treatment plans and caregiver education, addressing both individual and family needs. Additionally, coaching, peer groups, and community-based support networks offer practical guidance and social opportunities tailored to autistic adults.

These combined supports enable autistic individuals to develop effective communication skills, respect routines, and handle sensory sensitivities, all contributing to stronger romantic relationships.

Support Type	Role in Relationships	Examples/Details
Family Support	Emotional and practical assistance	Encouragement and day-to-day help
Professional Support	Tailored interventions to improve social skills	ABA therapy, counseling, relationship coaching
Peer Support	Shared experiences and social confidence building	Support groups, community meetups

Overall, strong and accessible support systems are essential to helping autistic adults overcome barriers and build fulfilling, lasting relationships.

Strategies Promoting Successful Relationships Among Autistic Individuals

Open Communication

Clear and direct communication is essential for autistic individuals to express their needs and understand their partners. Using straightforward language and visual aids can reduce misunderstandings and foster connection. Encouraging honest dialogue helps partners navigate differences and build trust.

Autism Education

Educating both partners about autism enhances empathy and patience, allowing them to better support each other's experiences. Awareness of autism-specific challenges, such as sensory sensitivities and communication styles, promotes mutual understanding and decreases frustration.

Sensory Accommodations

Adjusting the environment to accommodate sensory sensitivities is important. This may include managing noise levels, lighting, and tactile stimuli. Respecting these accommodations contributes to greater comfort and reduces stress within the relationship.

Respect for Routines

Routine and predictability are often important to autistic individuals. Partners who honor and incorporate these routines into their shared life can enhance stability and emotional security, preventing unnecessary conflicts.

Leveraging Strengths

Focusing on individual strengths, such as unique interests and talents, helps couples build meaningful connections. Celebrating these strengths encourages positivity and reinforces bonds through shared activities and values.

Implementing these strategies supports stronger, more satisfying relationships for autistic individuals, improving their chances for sustainable partnerships.

Economic and Cultural Factors Influencing Marriage Prospects in Autism

How Do Employment and Financial Independence Affect Marriage Prospects for Autistic Individuals?

Employment and financial independence play significant roles in shaping marriage prospects among autistic adults. Stable employment often provides the means for financial security, which is a crucial foundation for building and sustaining romantic relationships. Many autistic adults face challenges in obtaining and maintaining employment due to social communication difficulties and sensory sensitivities. These obstacles can limit their financial independence, reducing opportunities to pursue marriage and long-term relationships.

The costs linked to therapies, such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and other support services needed to enhance social skills and independence also impact financial stability. These expenses can strain personal resources and influence decisions regarding marriage.

What Are the Costs of Support Services and Their Impact on Autistic Adults’ Relationships?

Support services like ABA therapy are essential in improving social communication and daily functioning for many autistic individuals. Customized treatment plans provided by organizations such as Rori Care focus on developing social skills and educating caregivers to help individuals form meaningful connections.

However, these services often come with substantial costs that can burden individuals and families financially. The need to allocate significant funds towards therapy and support can influence relationship dynamics and marriage decisions, sometimes delaying or limiting the pursuit of romantic partnerships.

How Do Geographic and Cultural Variations Influence Marriage Rates Among Autistic Individuals?

Marriage rates among autistic adults vary geographically and culturally. Scandinavian countries tend to report higher marriage rates for autistic individuals, possibly due to well-established social support systems and inclusive policies that facilitate independence and relationship building.

Conversely, countries like Japan report lower marriage rates among autistic adults, which may reflect cultural attitudes around marriage, social expectations, and available support infrastructures. Cultural norms around dating and marriage can either present barriers or create opportunities for autistic individuals seeking romantic relationships.

In summary, employment, financial independence, affordability of support services, and the surrounding cultural context significantly shape the marriage landscape for autistic adults. Understanding these factors can help guide effective interventions and policies to support their relationship goals.

Trends and Future Directions in Relationship Outcomes for Autistic People

How is increasing awareness and early diagnosis shaping relationship outcomes?

Growing awareness of autism and advances in early diagnosis have started to positively influence relationship experiences for autistic individuals. Early identification often leads to timely interventions like tailored social skills training, which can improve communication and emotional regulation — crucial areas affecting romantic relationships. Younger autistic adults today benefit from these supports, potentially increasing the likelihood of forming and sustaining romantic connections earlier in life.

What role do neurodiversity-affirming approaches play?

Neurodiversity-affirming frameworks emphasize acceptance of autistic traits rather than treating them as deficits. This perspective helps reduce stigma and encourages society to adapt rather than expecting autistic people to conform. Such approaches foster respect for unique communication styles and sensory needs, allowing autistic individuals to navigate relationships authentically and successfully with less pressure to mask or suppress natural behaviors.

How is technology influencing autistic relationships?

Technological tools are increasingly vital for autistic adults in establishing and maintaining romantic relationships. From apps designed to facilitate communication with clear language and visual supports to online communities that provide peer support, technology helps overcome some social barriers. Digital platforms offer safe spaces to explore romance and build connections according to individual pace and preference.

Why is intersectionality and quality of life research important?

Research incorporating intersectionality addresses how overlapping identities—such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status—affect autistic individuals' relationship experiences. Understanding these layers is essential for tailoring interventions to diverse needs. Meanwhile, focusing on quality of life measures shifts the emphasis from just relationship status to overall satisfaction, emotional wellbeing, and social fulfillment in romantic partnerships.

What is the significance of autistic-led research?

Autistic-led research empowers the community by prioritizing their lived experiences and viewpoints. This inclusive approach produces more relevant and respectful insights into romantic relationships, ensuring supports and interventions align with what autistic individuals truly need and value. It also challenges traditional biases and promotes co-creation of knowledge that can drive more effective and compassionate relationship supports in the future.

Sensory Sensitivities and Their Impact on Relationships

Role of Sensory Processing Differences

Sensory processing differences play a significant role in the relationships of autistic individuals. Many autistic people experience heightened or reduced sensitivity to stimuli such as sound, light, touch, or smell, which can influence their comfort and behavior in intimate and social settings.

Effects on Daily Interactions and Intimacy

These sensory sensitivities can affect day-to-day interactions by making certain environments or physical contact overwhelming or stressful. For example, loud noises or unexpected touch may trigger discomfort or anxiety, leading to challenges in communication and closeness between partners. Intimacy may require adjustments to accommodate these unique sensory needs to foster trust and connection.

Importance of Sensory Accommodations

Incorporating sensory accommodations into relationships is crucial for success and satisfaction. Strategies may include creating calm environments, respecting sensory boundaries, and using communication to anticipate and adapt to sensory triggers. Partners who understand and actively support sensory sensitivities can reduce stress and enhance emotional closeness. Tailored approaches help nurture relationships by honoring each partner’s sensory experiences.

Autistic Adults’ Desires and Experiences with Romantic Relationships

Desire for Romantic Relationships Among Autistic Adults

A significant majority of autistic adults express a strong desire for romantic relationships, with approximately 75% indicating they want one. This reveals that romantic connection is an important aspect of life for many on the autism spectrum, despite the challenges they may face.

Relationship and Partner Status

Despite this strong desire, about 50% of autistic adults have never been in a romantic relationship. At any given time, only around 32% of autistic adults have a romantic partner, highlighting a gap between the wish for relationships and actual relationship experience. Communication difficulties and social challenges contribute to this discrepancy.

Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction

Interestingly, autistic individuals in long-term relationships report higher levels of both relationship and sexual satisfaction compared to their non-autistic partners. This may reflect adaptive strengths or survival in these relationships despite obstacles. Neurotypical-autistic couples report a 67% satisfaction rate, while autistic-autistic couples report 62%, both slightly lower than the 73% seen in neurotypical-neurotypical couples but still notable.

These findings emphasize that while autistic adults face hurdles in forming and maintaining romantic relationships, many do experience meaningful and satisfying partnerships when supported appropriately.

Personality Traits and Their Limited Association with Relationship Satisfaction

How do traits such as agreeableness and conscientiousness affect relationship satisfaction in autistic individuals?

Personality traits like agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and emotional stability tend to be lower in autistic individuals compared to neurotypical adults. These traits typically influence social interactions and emotional connections in the general population.

Is there a significant link between these traits and relationship satisfaction in long-term relationships involving autistic adults?

Research has shown that, despite the lower levels of these traits, there is no significant association between personality traits and relationship satisfaction in long-term relationships among autistic individuals. This suggests that factors commonly expected to influence relationships in neurotypical couples may not play the same role in autistic relationships.

What does this mean for supporting autistic relationships?

The findings imply that relationship success for autistic adults does not depend heavily on typical personality profiles. Instead, support efforts might benefit more from focusing on aspects like partner responsiveness, mutual understanding, and tailored communication strategies rather than attempting to modify inherent personality traits.

This shift encourages a greater emphasis on the dynamics between partners and the quality of interactions over personality measures that may not provide meaningful insight into relationship satisfaction within autistic partnerships.

Towards Inclusive Understanding and Support for Autistic Partnerships

Marriage and romantic relationships for autistic individuals occur at lower rates than neurotypical populations due to multifaceted challenges ranging from communication barriers to societal influences. However, autistic adults do desire meaningful connections and can achieve fulfilling partnerships with appropriate supports such as ABA therapy, strong support systems, and strategies fostering communication and partner responsiveness. Recognizing the diverse experiences within the autistic community and emphasizing mutual empathy offers a path toward stronger, more satisfying relationships. Continued research and neurodiversity-affirming approaches hold promise for improving outcomes and enriching the lives of autistic individuals and their partners.

References

• 15+ Autism Marriage Statistics and Facts - Crown Counseling
• Factors of relationship satisfaction for autistic and non-autistic ...
• Do People with Autism Get Married? Comparing Marriage ...
• What Percentage of Autistic Adults are Married?
• The effectiveness of applied behavior analysis program ...
• The Controversy Around ABA
• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)